Showing posts with label HTML. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HTML. Show all posts

CSS Syntax

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CSS Syntax

CSS Example

CSS declarations always ends with a semicolon, and declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets:

p {color:red;text-align:center;}

To make the CSS more readable, you can put one declaration on each line, like this:

p
{
color:red;
text-align:center;
}


CSS Comments

Comments are used to explain your code, and may help you when you edit the source code at a later date. Comments are ignored by browsers.

A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/", like this:
/*This is a comment*/
p
{
text-align:center;
/*This is another comment*/
color:black;
font-family:arial;
}

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CSS Introduction

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CSS Introduction

What is CSS?

    * CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
    * Styles define how to display HTML elements
    * Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
    * External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
    * External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

Styles Solved a Big Problem
HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document.
HTML was intended to define the content of a document, like:
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.

In HTML 4.0, all formatting could be removed from the HTML document, and stored in a separate CSS file.
All browsers support CSS today.

CSS Saves a Lot of Work!

CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.

Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file!

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Examples in Each Chapter

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This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html> 

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages 

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
  • HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages
  • HTML documents describe web pages
  • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
  • HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

  • The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
  • The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
  • The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
  • The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3> 

 HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p> 

HTML Links 

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

 <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> 

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" /> 

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HTML Tags Chart

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To use any of the following HTML tags, simply select the HTML code you'd like and copy and paste it into your web page.
Tag
Name
Code Example
Browser View
<!-- comment <!--This can be viewed in the HTML part of a document--> Nothing will show (Tip)
<a - anchor <a href="http://www.domain.com/">
Visit Our Site</a>		 Visit Our Site (Tip)
<b> bold <b>Example</b> Example
<big> big (text) <big>Example</big> Example (Tip)
<body> body of HTML document <body>The content of your HTML page</body> Contents of your web page (Tip)
<br> line break The contents of your page<br>The contents of your page The contents of your web page
The contents of your web page
<center> center <center>This will center your contents</center>
This will center your contents
<dd> definition description <dl>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
</dl>
Definition Term
Definition of the term
Definition Term
Definition of the term
<dl> definition list <dl>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
</dl>
Definition Term
Definition of the term
Definition Term
Definition of the term
<dt> definition term <dl>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
<dt>Definition Term</dt>
<dd>Definition of the term</dd>
</dl>
Definition Term
Definition of the term
Definition Term
Definition of the term
<em> emphasis This is an <em>Example</em> of using the emphasis tag This is an Example of using the emphasis tag
<embed>
 embed object <embed src="yourfile.mid" width="100%" height="60" align="center">
(Tip)
<embed> embed object <embed src="yourfile.mid" autostart="true" hidden="false" loop="false">
<noembed><bgsound src="yourfile.mid" loop="1"></noembed>
&amp;lt;bgsound src="wonderfu.mid" autostart="false" loop="1" /&amp;gt;
Music will begin playing when your page is loaded and will only play one time. A control panel will be displayed to enable your visitors to stop the music.
<font> font <font face="Times New Roman">Example</font> Example (Tip)
<font> font <font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Example</font> Example (Tip)
<font> font <font face="Times New Roman" size="+3" color="#ff0000">Example</font> Example (Tip)
<form> form <form action="mailto:you@yourdomain.com">
Name: <input name="Name" value="" size="10"><br>
Email: <input name="Email" value="" size="10"><br>
<center><input type="submit"></center>
</form>
Name: (Tip)
Email:
<h1>
<h2>
<h3>
<h4>
<h5>
<h6>		 heading 1
heading 2
heading 3
heading 4
heading 5
heading 6		 <h1>Heading 1 Example</h1>
<h2>Heading 2 Example</h2>
<h3>Heading 3 Example</h3>
<h4>Heading 4 Example</h4>
<h5>Heading 5 Example</h5>
<h6>Heading 6 Example</h6>

<head> heading of HTML document <head>Contains elements describing the document</head> Nothing will show
<hr> horizontal rule <hr />
Contents of your web page (Tip)
Contents of your web page
<hr> horizontal rule <hr width="50%" size="3" /> Contents of your web page
Contents of your web page
<hr> horizontal rule <hr width="50%" size="3" noshade /> Contents of your web page
Contents of your web page
<hr>
(Internet
Explorer)		 horizontal rule <hr width="75%" color="#ff0000" size="4" /> Contents of your web page
Contents of your web page
<hr>
(Internet
Explorer)		 horizontal rule <hr width="25%" color="#6699ff" size="6" /> Contents of your web page
Contents of your web page
<html> hypertext markup language <html>
<head>
<meta>
<title>Title of your web page</title>
</head>
<body>HTML web page contents
</body>
</html>		 Contents of your web page
<i> italic <i>Example</i> Example
<img> image <img src="Earth.gif" width="41" height="41" border="0" alt="text describing the image" /> a sentence about your site (Tip)
<input> input field Example 1:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
<input type="text" size="10" maxlength="30">
<input type="Submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Example 1: (Tip)
<input>
(Internet Explorer)		 input field Example 2:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
<input type="text" style="color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; background-color: #72a4d2;" size="10" maxlength="30">
<input type="Submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Example 2: (Tip)
<input> input field Example 3:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"><tr><td bgcolor="#8463ff"><input type="text" size="10" maxlength="30"></td><td bgcolor="#8463ff" valign="Middle"> <input type="image" name="submit" src="yourimage.gif"></td></tr> </table>
</form>
Example 3: (Tip)
<input> input field Example 4:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
Enter Your Comments:<br>
<textarea wrap="virtual" name="Comments" rows=3 cols=20 maxlength=100></textarea><br>
<input type="Submit" value="Submit">
<input type="Reset" value="Clear">
</form>
Example 4: (Tip)
<input> input field Example 5:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
<center>
Select an option:
<select>
<option >option 1</option>
<option selected>option 2</option>
<option>option 3</option>
<option>option 4</option>
<option>option 5</option>
<option>option 6</option>
</select><br>
<input type="Submit" value="Submit"></center>
</form>
Example 5: Tip)

Select an option:
<input> input field Example 6:

<form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
Select an option:<br>
<input type="radio" name="option"> Option 1
<input type="radio" name="option" checked> Option 2
<input type="radio" name="option"> Option 3
<br>
<br>
Select an option:<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="selection"> Selection 1
<input type="checkbox" name="selection" checked> Selection 2
<input type="checkbox" name="selection"> Selection 3
<input type="Submit" value="Submit">
</form>
Example 6: (Tip)

Select an option:
Option 1
 Option 2
 Option 3

Select an option:
Selection 1
 Selection 2
 Selection 3
<li> list item Example 1:

<menu>
<li type="disc">List item 1</li>
<li type="circle">List item 2</li>
<li type="square">List item 3</li>
</MENU>

Example 2:

<ol type="i">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>		 Example 1: (Tip)
  • List item 1
  • List item 2
  • List item 3

Example 2:
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
<link> link <head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" />
</head>
<marquee>
(Internet
Explorer)		 scrolling text <marquee bgcolor="#cccccc" loop="-1" scrollamount="2" width="100%">Example Marquee</marquee> Example Marquee (Tip)
<menu> menu <menu>
<li type="disc">List item 1</li>
<li type="circle">List item 2</li>
<li type="square">List item 3</li>
</menu>
  • List item 1
  • List item 2
  • List item 3
<meta> meta <meta name="Description" content="Description of your site">
<meta name="keywords" content="keywords describing your site">		 Nothing will show (Tip)
<meta> meta <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="4;URL=http://www.yourdomain.com/"> Nothing will show (Tip)
<meta> meta <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"> Nothing will show (Tip)
<meta> meta <meta name="rating" content="General"> Nothing will show (Tip)
<meta> meta <meta name="robots" content="all"> Nothing will show (Tip)
<meta> meta <meta name="robots" content="noindex,follow"> Nothing will show (Tip)
<ol> ordered list Numbered

<ol>
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Numbered Special Start

<ol start="5">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Lowercase Letters
<ol type="a">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Capital Letters
<ol type="A">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Capital Letters Special Start
<ol type="A" start="3">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Lowercase Roman Numerals
<ol type="i">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Capital Roman Numerals
<ol type="I">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>

Capital Roman Numerals Special Start
<ol type="I" start="7">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ol>
Numbered
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Numbered Special Start
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Lowercase Letters
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Capital Letters
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Capital Letters Special Start
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Lowercase Roman Numerals
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Capital Roman Numerals
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
Capital Roman Numerals Special Start
  1. List item 1
  2. List item 2
  3. List item 3
  4. List item 4
<option> listbox option <form method=post action="/cgi-bin/example.cgi">
<center>
Select an option:
<select>
<option>option 1</option>
<option selected>option 2</option>
<option>option 3</option>
<option>option 4</option>
<option>option 5</option>
<option>option 6</option>
</select><br>
</center>
</form>
Select an option: (Tip)
<p> paragraph This is an example displaying the use of the paragraph tag. <p> This will create a line break and a space between lines.

Attributes:

Example 1:<br>
<br>
<p align="left">
This is an example<br>
displaying the use<br>
of the paragraph tag.<br>
<br>
Example 2:<br>
<br>
<p align="right">
This is an example<br>
displaying the use<br>
of the paragraph tag.<br>
<br>
Example 3:<br>
<br>
<p align="center">
This is an example<br>
displaying the use<br>
of the paragraph tag.
This is an example displaying the use of the paragraph tag.
This will create a line break and a space between lines.

Attributes:

Example 1:

This is an example
displaying the use
of the paragraph tag.
Example 2:

This is an example
displaying the use
of the paragraph tag.
Example 3:

This is an example
displaying the use
of the paragraph tag.
<small> small (text) <small>Example</small> Example (Tip)
<strike> deleted text <strike>Example</strike> Example
<strong> strong emphasis <strong>Example</strong> Example
<table> table Example 1:

<table border="4" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>Column 1</td>
<td>Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

Example 2: (Internet Explorer)

<table border="2" bordercolor="#336699" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>Column 1</td>
<td>Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

Example 3:

<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc">Column 1</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc">Column 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2</td>
<td>Row 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
 Example 1: (Tip)
Column 1 Column 2

Example 2: (Tip)
Column 1 Column 2

Example 3: (Tip)
Column 1 Column 2
Row 2 Row 2
<td> table data <table border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>Column 1</td>
<td>Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
Column 1 Column 2
<th> table header <div align="center">
<table>
<tr>
<th>Column 1</th>
<th>Column 2</th>
<th>Column 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2</td>
<td>Row 2</td>
<td>Row 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 3</td>
<td>Row 3</td>
<td>Row 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 4</td>
<td>Row 4</td>
<td>Row 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Row 2 Row 2 Row 2
Row 3 Row 3 Row 3
Row 4 Row 4 Row 4
<title> document title <title>Title of your HTML page</title> Title of your web page will be viewable in the title bar. (Tip)
<tr> table row <table border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>Column 1</td>
<td>Column 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
Column 1 Column 2
<tt> teletype <tt>Example</tt> Example
<u> underline <u>Example</u> Example
<ul> unordered list Example 1:<br>
<br>
<ul>
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
</ul>
<br>
Example 2:<br>
<ul type="disc">
<li>List item 1</li>
<li>List item 2</li>
<ul type="circle">
<li>List item 3</li>
<li>List item 4</li>
</ul>
</ul>		 Example 1:
  • List item 1
  • List item 2

Example 2:
  • List item 1
  • List item 2
    • List item 3
    • List item 4

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